A cikin yanayin da ke ci gaba da haɓakawa na binciken likita,alluran biopsytaka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun samfuran nama don ingantaccen gwajin cututtukan cututtuka, kuma zaɓinsu yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da daidaiton biopsy, aminci da ƙwarewar haƙuri. Mai zuwa shine nazarin hanyoyin biopsy,nau'ikan allurar biopsy, Matsakaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin allura, da mahimman abubuwan zaɓi don samar da jagorar tsari don aikin asibiti.
1. Fahimtar hanyoyin biopsy
Manufar tsakiyar hanyar biopsy shine don samun samfurin nama mai inganci don bayyana yanayin rauni ko haɓaka shirin jiyya. Bukatar allurar biopsy ta bambanta sosai tsakanin yanayin yanayin biopsy:
- Ganewar ƙwayar cuta: ana buƙatar isassun ƙarar nama don tallafawa matakan cututtukan cuta da gwajin kwayoyin halitta (misali, EGFR, maye gurbi na ALK).
- Cututtuka masu kumburi: ana buƙatar cytology don fayyace nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Ƙimar da aka riga aka yi: ana buƙatar saurin samfurin samfurin don jagorantar ka'idojin tiyata (misali, gano ƙwayar nono mara kyau da mara kyau).
2. Nau'inalluran biopsyda aikace-aikacen asibiti
- Ka'ida: Samun tsiri na samfurin nama ta hanyar yankan inji.
- Fa'idodi:
Cikakken samfurin, wanda ya dace da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙwayar cuta (misali, nono, prostate) da biopsy nama na ƙashi.
Girman samfurin ya isa don tallafawa immunohistochemistry da gwajin kwayoyin halitta.
- Iyakance: in mun gwada da babban rauni, buƙatar fahimtar alamun.
(2) Kyakkyawar buri Biopsy Allura
- Ka'ida: Amfani da tsotsawar matsa lamba mara kyau don samun dakatarwar tantanin halitta.
- Fa'idodi:
Ƙananan rauni, wanda ya dace da ƙwayoyin lymph nodes, thyroid da huhu raunuka.
Sauƙi don yin, zai iya samun dakatarwar tantanin halitta da sauri.
Sauƙaƙan yin aiki, yana ba da damar saurin ganewar cytologic.
- Iyakance: rarrabuwar samfur, rashin iya biyan buƙatun jarrabawar tarihi.
(3) Vacuum-Assissted Biopsy Needle (VAB)
- Ƙa'ida: Haɗa yankan injina da tsotsa mara kyau don haɓaka ingancin samfur.
- Fa'idodi:
Ana iya samun samfurori da yawa a cikin huda guda ɗaya, wanda ya dace da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙirjin ƙirjin ƙirjin.
Yana rage haɗarin maimaita huda kuma yana inganta haƙurin haƙuri.
(4) Yanke Allurar Biopsy
- Ƙa'ida: Ana yanke nama ta hanyar tsintsiya madauri ko jujjuya ruwa.
- Nau'i:
Allura mai Ramin: misali Tru-Yanke Biopsy Allura, don taushin kyallen takarda.
Ring Drill Allura: misali Marrow Biopsy Allura, don naman kashi.
3. core allura biopsy vs fine allura burin
| Mai nuna alama | Core allura biopsy | Kyakkyawan buri na allura |
| Nau'in Misali | Samfurin tsiri | Dakatar da salula |
| Daidaiton ganewa | High (histology) | Matsakaici (cytology) |
| Digiri na rauni | Ya fi girma | Karami |
| Lokacin aiki | Ya fi tsayi | Gajere |
| Al'amura | M ciwace-ciwacen daji, kashi nama | Launuka na sama, ƙwayoyin lymph |
4. Manyan abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar allurar biopsy daidai
(1) Wurin da aka yi niyya na biopsy
- Gabobin jiki (misali, thyroid, nono): allura masu kyau ko ainihin allura an fi son su daidaita rauni da buƙatun bincike.
- Zurfafa gabobin (misali, hanta, koda): dogon ainihin allurar biopsy an fi so don tabbatar da zurfin shiga.
- Nama na kasusuwa: alluran rawar rawar zobe (misali marrow biopsy allura) dole ne a yi amfani da su don guje wa rarrabuwar nama.
(2) Abubuwan da suka shafi marasa lafiya
- Shekaru da tsarin mulki: yara ko marasa lafiya marasa ƙarfi yakamata su zaɓi allura na bakin ciki (misali, 20G) don rage rikice-rikice.
- Ayyukan coagulation: marasa lafiya da ke fama da cututtukan coagulation suna buƙatar guje wa ƙananan allura (misali, 16G) don rage haɗarin zubar jini.
- Halin tunanin mutum: Marasa lafiya masu damuwa na iya fifita alluran biopsy na taimakon vacuum don rage lokacin aiki.
(3) Yawan nama da wuri
- Nama mai yawa (misali, prostate, hanta): zaɓi allurar biopsy mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi (misali, allurar ramin 18G).
- Tasoshin jini/jijiya maƙwabta: Ana buƙatar aikin duban dan tayi/CT don zaɓar allurar biopsy mai alamar ci gaba.
(4) Girman allura da tsayi
- Zaɓin takamaiman:
Kyakkyawan allura (20-22G): don cytology ko raunuka na sama.
Ƙarƙashin allura (14-18G): dace da jarrabawar tarihi ko raunuka mai zurfi.
- Zaɓin tsayi: ƙaddara ta zurfin huda (misali huhu biopsy yana buƙatar zama ≥15cm).
(5) Zayyana tip ɗin allura
- Tip ɗin allura mai beveled: dace da kyallen takarda mai laushi don rage juriya.
- Tukwici mai fuska uku: mai dacewa ga nama na kashi, don haɓaka shigar ciki.
- Alama: Dole ne a yi wa allurar biopsy jagorar MRI da alamar titanium.
(6) Daidaitawa tare da hanyoyin hoto
- Jagorar duban dan tayi: Ana buƙatar zaɓin allurar biopsy tare da zobba masu tasowa.
- Jagorar CT/MRI: ya kamata a zaɓi kayan da ba na maganadisu ba ko ƙananan kayan tarihi (misali, gami da titanium).
(7) Samfurin hakar kayan aiki
- Yanke injina: zartar da ƙwararrun ciwace-ciwace tare da cikakken samfurin.
- Negative matsa lamba tsotsa: dace da cytologic gwajin, sauki aiki.
- Vacuum-taimaka: ana amfani da samfurin rukunin yanar gizo da yawa, haɓaka inganci.
(8) Jin daɗi da aminci ga haƙuri
- Sarrafa ciwo: allura mai kyau ba ta da rauni kuma mafi jurewa ga marasa lafiya.
- Rigakafin rikice-rikice: guji maimaita huda tare da allura mai kauri, rage haɗarin pneumothorax da zubar jini.
(9) Farashi da samun dama
- Tasirin farashi: cikakkun alluran biopsy masu sarrafa kansu (misali, TSK) sun fi tsada, amma suna da babban ƙimar nasara.
- Keɓaɓɓen inshorar likita: buƙatar zaɓar samfura a cikin iyakar biyan kuɗi bisa ga manufofin gida.
5. Kammalawa
Zaɓin naalluran biopsyyana buƙatar cikakken ƙima game da yanayin rauni, matsayi na haƙuri, yanayin fasaha da abubuwan tattalin arziki. A cikin aikin asibiti, ya kamata a bi ka'idodi masu zuwa:
1. Daidaitaccen daidaitawa: zaɓi nau'in allura bisa ga yankin da aka yi niyya na biopsy (misali 14G allura mai tsinke don nono, 20G allura mai kyau don thyroid).
2. Ba da fifiko ga aminci: guje wa allura masu kauri ga marasa lafiya da ke fama da rikicewar coagulation, kuma suyi aiki a ƙarƙashin jagorar hoto don raunin jijiyoyin da ke kusa.
3. Ƙwarewa da ta'aziyya: Ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani da ƙwayar cuta na iya inganta haɓaka, kuma ƙananan allura na iya rage ciwo na haƙuri.
Ta hanyar zaɓin kimiyyar allurar biopsy, ana iya inganta daidaiton bincike sosai, ana iya rage haɗarin rikice-rikice, kuma a ƙarshe za a iya gane ainihin ainihin magani.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-19-2025